19 September, 2020

Question:- “Administrative law has become a subject of growing importance and interest.” Discuss.

Answer:-Administrative law is the most growing and important subject because it is basically a judge made law and the judges have been changing their position very often. This factor is responsible for making administrative law a subject of growing importance and interest.

During the last hundreds years, the conception of proper sphere of governmental activity has been completely transformed. Instead of confining itself to defence, public order and criminal law and few general matters, the modern State has assumed the role of social welfare State. It has undertaken elaborate social services and the regulation of much of the daily business of mankind. The eighteen century individualism has gone out. Locke’s emphasis on the doctrine of ‘Laissez faire’ no longer remains a governing formula today, the activities of State are neither mere regulatory, nor the maintenance of the law and order within, and defence of State from foreign attack, are the only functions of the State.

Heavy industrialization, concentration of large section of population in over-crowed cities created problems of housing, disease, smoke, insecurity of life, that could not be ignored the administration had to intervene in the interest of public safety and health, since State assumed the role of a material State. The multifarious activities of the State extended to social problems of man such as health, education, employment, old age pensions, production, control and distribution of essential commodities and other operations of public utilities brought a change in the role of administration. Modernization of the present society has given rise to new types of social and economic offences like concentration of wealth, adulteration, smuggling, tax evasion, labour problems, and unhealthy commercial practices. To meet these requirements administration has to be armed with legislative and judicial functions, because for Legislature it was practically impossible to work out details to every legislation with aptitude. It could only afford to lay down broad policies, regulations, guiding principles and procedure to be followed by the executive to work out its details.       

The technical nature of disputes gave rise to adjudicatory power to administrative agencies. The industrial tribunals adjudicatory bodies, income-tax appellate tribunals and others exhibit how it became inevitable to entrust upon administrative agencies the task of judiciary. This all clearly shows a tremendous growth in powers of administration.

The Law Commission it its 14th Report has traced the causes of the growth of administrative law in these words ; “Society in the 20th century has become exceedingly complex and governmental functions have multiplied. The change in the scope and character of the Government from negative to positive, that is, from the ‘laissez faire’ to the public service state, has resulted in the concentration of considerable power in the hands of the executive branch of Government. The direct result of this has been the growth of administrative law.

Arming the administration with such vital functions required some reasonable checks and control over their exercise, because in absence of a check, there is constant danger of its assuming the role of dictator or what Allen described as Bureaucracy triumphant. The administrative law tries to prevent things going to such limit. Griffith, in his book ‘Principles of Administration Law’, says, “Without the control on the administration essential balance between individual liberty and public good is impossible.”

In simple words, the reason behind the growing importance of administrative law is the assumption by the administrative authorities of very wide powers including legislative and judicial which was the result of the growth of social welfare State. Since administrative law is primarily concerned with the control over the exercise of their powers, i.e. , to prevent administrative authorities from abuse and misuse of powers, hence it has become a subject of growing interest.

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Courtesy:- Dr. Deepak Miglani

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